Varhaisten indoeurooppalaisten geeneistä

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Varhaisten indoeurooppalaisten geeneistä

ViestiKirjoittaja Jaska » 27 Syys 2018 17:21

Damgaard et al. 2018: The First Horse Herders and the Impact of Early Bronze Age Steppe Expansions into Asia (Science)
https://www.academia.edu/36669320/The_F ... nd_papers_

Tämän artikkelin loppuun on liitetty mielenkiintoinen kielitieteilijöiden katsaus:

Linguistic supplement to Damgaard et al. 2018: Early Indo-European languages, Anatolian, Tocharian and Indo-Iranian
(Guus Kroonen, Gojko Barjamovic, and Michaël Peyrot)

Muuten laadukkaassa katsauksessa on eräitä hieman valikoivalta toiveajattelulta kalskahtavia tulkintoja.

"Regardless of their exact linguistic background, however, the implications held by the presence of individuals with identifiable Anatolian Indo-European names in Southern Turkey at this early point in history [~2500 BC] for the development of Indo-European languages and the Anatolian split are significant. - - With the retrojection of Anatolian Indo-European speakers in Anatolia by approximately 500 years, the period of Proto-Anatolian linguistic unity can be pushed further back in time."
"Also, since the onomastic evidence from Armi is contemporaneous with the Yamnaya culture (3000–2400 BCE), a scenario in which the Anatolian Indo-European language was linguistically derived from Indo-European speakers originating in this culture can be rejected. This important result offers new support for the Indo-Hittite Hypothesis (see above) and strengthens the case for an Indo-Hittite-speaking ancestral population from which both Proto-Anatolian and residual Proto-Indo-European split of no later than the 4th millennium BCE."


1. Ensinnäkään nuo varhaisimmat anatolialaiset nimet eivät automaattisesti varhenna kanta-anatoliaa, koska kerran kieltä ei voi identifioida. Se on siis saattanut olla vielä kanta-anatolian tasolla.
2. Toiseksi tuo on Yamnaya-kulttuurin loppuvaihe, eikä mikään pakota olettamaan kantaindoeuroopan levinneen vasta silloin.

Edelleen on siis mahdollista johtaa anatolialainen haara kantaindoeuroopasta, eikä ainoa mahdollisuus todellakaan ole pitää anatoliaa myöhäiskantaindoeuroopan sisarhaarana.


"We modify the linguistic “Steppe Hypothesis” using the new archaeological DNA presented in Damgaard et al. 2018 that traces ancestry and human mobility which we link to the dispersal of the Indo-European Anatolian, Tocharian and Indo-Iranian language families. We further test the “Steppe Hypothesis” by matching the distribution of West Eurasian ancestry in the Bronze Age against the spread of the three Indo-European branches to Anatolia, Inner Asia and South Asia."
"We conclude that the EHG-related steppe ancestry found in individuals of period III Namazga culture and in modern-day populations on the Indian subcontinent cannot be linked to an Early Bronze Age intrusion of the Indo-Iranian languages in Central and South Asia associated with the Yamnaya culture. The spread of these languages may instead have been driven by movements of groups associated with the Sintashta/Andronovo culture, who were carriers of a West Eurasian genetic signature similar to the one found in individuals associated with the Corded Ware culture in Europe and who probably spread with LBA pastoral nomads from the South Ural Mountains.Archaeologically, this wave of LBA Steppe ancestry is dated to the period after 2000 BCE when chariotry was adopted across much of Eurasia. The linguistic evidence from the reconstructed Indo-Iranian protolanguage as well as the diffusion of Proto-Indo-Aryan terminology related to chariotry suggests that the speakers of Indo-Iranian took part in the proliferation of this technology to LBA Syria and Northwest India."


Tämä on pätevää.

"Furthermore, our genetic data cannot confirm a scenario in which the introduction of the Anatolian Indo-European languages into Anatolia was associated with the spread of EBA Yamnaya West Eurasian ancestry. The Anatolian samples contain no discernible trace of steppe ancestry at present. The combined linguistic and genetic evidence therefore have important implications for the “Steppe Hypothesis” in Southwest Asia."
"First, the lack of genetic indications for an intrusion into Anatolia refutes the classical notion of a Yamnaya-derived mass invasion or conquest. However, it does fit the recently developed consensus among linguists and historians that the speakers of the Anatolian languages established themselves in Anatolia by gradual infiltration and cultural assimilation."


Anatoliassa ei ole arojen perimää, mutta toisaalta ei ole unkarilaisissakaan enää uralilaista perimää. Silti kielen tiedetään siirtyneen/levinneen Uralilta vasta hiljattain. Prosessi lienee kummassakin ollut samankaltainen.

Toisin kuin kirjoittajat, en kuitenkaan näe todistusaineiston tukevan indo-anatolia-hypoteesia (ks. edellä). He vain valitsevat sen tulkinnan muiden joukosta.
~ "Per aspera ad hominem - vaikeuksien kautta henkilökohtaisuuksiin" ~

Y-DNA: N1c1-YP1143 (Olavi Häkkinen 1620 Kuhmo? >> Juhani Häkkinen 1816 Eno)
mtDNA: H5a1e (Elina Mäkilä 1757 Kittilä >> Riitta Sassali 1843 Sodankylä)
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