"Thus, Kukkuzi is indeed a mixed language with both Votic and Ingrian features, but not a special variety which has developed some unique characteristics. However, the most important observation is that the Kukkuzi variety is not a random mixture of Votic and Ingrian languages.
It has Votic grammar and Ingrian vocabulary and phonetics. Universally, grammar is a more stable part of a language, than vocabulary and phonetics. Thus, the Votic features in Kukkuzi should be qualified as substrate. It is very likely that the Kukkuzi population was originally Votic. Later, the language changed significantly under the Ingrian influence, but the shift into Ingrian was not completed"
https://www.academia.edu/36181569/Marku ... zi_variety