Zeng et al. 2023: Genomes associated with Uralic and Yenisei
Postglacial genomes from foragers across Northern Eurasia reveal prehistoric mobility associated with the spread of the Uralic and Yeniseian languages.
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101 ... 1.full.pdf
"Ancestry from the first population, Cis-Baikal Late Neolithic–Bronze Age (Cisbaikal_LNBA), is found substantially only among Yeniseian-speaking groups and those known to have admixed with them. Ancestry from the second, Yakutian Late Neolithic–Bronze Age (Yakutia_LNBA), is strongly associated with present-day Uralic speakers. We show how Yakutia_LNBA ancestry spread from an east Siberian origin ~4.5kya, along with subclades of Y-chromosome haplogroup N occurring at high frequencies among present-day Uralic speakers, into Western and Central Siberia in communities associated with Seima-Turbino metallurgy: a suite of advanced bronze casting techniques that spread explosively across an enormous region of Northern Eurasia ~4.0kya."
"Lastly, qpAdm analysis shows that models for Uralic speakers—without exception—require Yakutia_LNBA as a source, which can almost always account for all their East Asian ancestry."
"These observations suggest that the genetic formation of Uralic-speaking populations involved an episode of gene flow from a population with Yakutia_LNBA ancestry. In contrast, the genetic formation of non-Uralic AIEAs either did not involve populations with Yakutia_LNBA ancestry, or involved additional episodes of gene flow from populations of the Eastern Steppes or East Asian agriculturalists that did not
affect the ancestors of present-day Uralic-speakers. Additional evidence for a link between Yakutia_LNBA and Uralic populations lies in uniparental markers: Male individuals of the Yakutia_LNBA cluster carry Y chromosomes under subclades of haplogroup N that are present at high frequency in present-day speakers of Uralic languages."
Tatarka Hill -näytteet näyttävät edustavan sitä ydintä, josta jakutialainen perimä levisi Seima-Turbino-väestöön:
"In contrast, the four ST-period individuals from Tatarka Hill are genetically homogeneous, very similar to Yakutia_LNBA, and indeed can be modeled with near-complete descent from Yakutia_LNBA in qpAdm. - - We first find that the Yakutia_LNBA ancestry in Rostovka, Satyga-16 and Chernoozerye-1 can be sourced from a population related to the four unadmixed Yakutia_LNBA males at Tatarka Hill in the region between the Upper Yenisei and Upper Ob, with no evidence of additional mixture from Yakutia_LNBA populations in Northeast Siberia (Fig 4B, middle row). Such a genetic link is reinforced by the presence at Rostovka of the subclade of haplogroup N (N-L1026, in individual I32545, a male with near-unadmixed Yakutia_LNBA ancestry), which is also carried by all four males from Tatarka Hill (SI VIII). The specific subclade of the unadmixed Yakutia_LNBA individual from Rostovka (N-L1026 > Z1936) is widespread among present-day Uralic populations from East of the Urals to the Baltic Sea, but attains maximal frequencies (up to ~40%) towards the west, in Baltic Finnic populations such as Finns, Veps and Karelians."
Tervettä varovaisuutta kielen osalta:
"A large team of Uralicists recently proposed that early Uralic populations were involved in the ST phenomenon, which catalyzed a rapid westward expansion ~4 kya along river networks. While our results are consistent with this scenario, they cannot more precisely inform the question of the location of the Uralic homeland, as they are compatible with multiple hypotheses."
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101 ... 1.full.pdf
"Ancestry from the first population, Cis-Baikal Late Neolithic–Bronze Age (Cisbaikal_LNBA), is found substantially only among Yeniseian-speaking groups and those known to have admixed with them. Ancestry from the second, Yakutian Late Neolithic–Bronze Age (Yakutia_LNBA), is strongly associated with present-day Uralic speakers. We show how Yakutia_LNBA ancestry spread from an east Siberian origin ~4.5kya, along with subclades of Y-chromosome haplogroup N occurring at high frequencies among present-day Uralic speakers, into Western and Central Siberia in communities associated with Seima-Turbino metallurgy: a suite of advanced bronze casting techniques that spread explosively across an enormous region of Northern Eurasia ~4.0kya."
"Lastly, qpAdm analysis shows that models for Uralic speakers—without exception—require Yakutia_LNBA as a source, which can almost always account for all their East Asian ancestry."
"These observations suggest that the genetic formation of Uralic-speaking populations involved an episode of gene flow from a population with Yakutia_LNBA ancestry. In contrast, the genetic formation of non-Uralic AIEAs either did not involve populations with Yakutia_LNBA ancestry, or involved additional episodes of gene flow from populations of the Eastern Steppes or East Asian agriculturalists that did not
affect the ancestors of present-day Uralic-speakers. Additional evidence for a link between Yakutia_LNBA and Uralic populations lies in uniparental markers: Male individuals of the Yakutia_LNBA cluster carry Y chromosomes under subclades of haplogroup N that are present at high frequency in present-day speakers of Uralic languages."
Tatarka Hill -näytteet näyttävät edustavan sitä ydintä, josta jakutialainen perimä levisi Seima-Turbino-väestöön:
"In contrast, the four ST-period individuals from Tatarka Hill are genetically homogeneous, very similar to Yakutia_LNBA, and indeed can be modeled with near-complete descent from Yakutia_LNBA in qpAdm. - - We first find that the Yakutia_LNBA ancestry in Rostovka, Satyga-16 and Chernoozerye-1 can be sourced from a population related to the four unadmixed Yakutia_LNBA males at Tatarka Hill in the region between the Upper Yenisei and Upper Ob, with no evidence of additional mixture from Yakutia_LNBA populations in Northeast Siberia (Fig 4B, middle row). Such a genetic link is reinforced by the presence at Rostovka of the subclade of haplogroup N (N-L1026, in individual I32545, a male with near-unadmixed Yakutia_LNBA ancestry), which is also carried by all four males from Tatarka Hill (SI VIII). The specific subclade of the unadmixed Yakutia_LNBA individual from Rostovka (N-L1026 > Z1936) is widespread among present-day Uralic populations from East of the Urals to the Baltic Sea, but attains maximal frequencies (up to ~40%) towards the west, in Baltic Finnic populations such as Finns, Veps and Karelians."
Tervettä varovaisuutta kielen osalta:
"A large team of Uralicists recently proposed that early Uralic populations were involved in the ST phenomenon, which catalyzed a rapid westward expansion ~4 kya along river networks. While our results are consistent with this scenario, they cannot more precisely inform the question of the location of the Uralic homeland, as they are compatible with multiple hypotheses."
